Definition of Climate Action According to the United Nations

The United Nations defines "Climate Action" under Sustainable Development Goal 13 as urgent efforts to address climate change through mitigation and adaptation strategies globally. This includes reducing greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing resilience to climate hazards, and implementing the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C. Key actions involve transforming energy, industry, transport, and agriculture systems, alongside mobilizing at least US$100 billion annually for developing nations. Countries showing minimal climate action, such as Iran, Russia, and Saudi Arabia, often have critically insufficient policies and outdated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). This inaction leads to severe consequences, including increased extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and significant social and economic impacts. Health issues, food and water insecurity, and economic losses are expected to escalate, particularly affecting the world’s poorest nations. Additionally, climate change is projected to displace millions due to worsening conditions. Environmental degradation is also pronounced, with loss of biodiversity and disruption of ecosystems. Countries with the least climate action face multiple crises that hinder their capacity and willingness to implement effective climate solutions, worsening their vulnerability to climate-related risks.