Understanding the Second Core Process of ACT: Cognitive Defusion

Cognitive defusion, the second core process in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), is essential for fostering psychological flexibility. It complements acceptance by helping individuals create distance from distressing thoughts, recognizing them as mere mental events rather than absolute truths. Techniques such as labeling thoughts, visualizing them as clouds, or repeating them aloud help lessen their impact, allowing for value-aligned actions. In the context of catastrophic human behaviors—like climate change—acceptance is crucial but insufficient. Without cognitive defusion, individuals may become fused with despairing beliefs, such as "It's too late," leading to inaction. By stepping back from these thoughts, individuals can think more clearly and creatively, revealing potential solutions obscured by cognitive fusion. The challenge lies in achieving collective psychological change across societies; widespread acceptance and defusion are necessary for effective action against environmental crises. Currently, many individuals are stuck in a cycle of denial and hopelessness, which hampers effective solutions. Breaking this cycle requires a concerted effort to practice acceptance and cognitive defusion collectively, enabling groups to recognize actionable pathways despite feelings of doubt and fear. Only through this combined effort can meaningful change and progress be realized.