Definition of Affordable and Clean Energy

Affordable and clean energy is crucial for ensuring everyone has reliable, sustainable, and cost-effective access to energy. Clean energy sources like solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal aim to minimize environmental harm and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, in contrast to fossil fuels, which contribute significantly to air pollution and climate change. Affordability implies that energy costs should not strain household budgets, allowing individuals, regardless of income, to meet their essential needs without sacrificing other essentials. Energy is essential for various household needs such as heating, water heating, cooking, lighting, refrigeration, and operating appliances. However, many countries still rely heavily on fossil fuels, resulting in poor clean energy use; for instance, Turkmenistan and Kuwait have over 99% fossil fuel dependency. Regions like sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and parts of Eastern Europe face significant energy affordability issues, where high costs lead to energy poverty. Countries with poor clean energy access suffer from severe health impacts, environmental degradation, economic stagnation, and social inequality, particularly affecting marginalized communities. Addressing these challenges is vital for improving living standards and promoting social equity globally.